The Potential of Locally-Sourced European Protein Sources for Organic Monogastric Production: A Review of Forage Crop Extracts, Seaweed, Starfish, Mussel, and Insects

Organic monogastric agriculture is challenged because of a limited availability regional and organic protein-rich ingredients to fulfill the amino acid requirements. The development novel feed therefore essential. use starfish (Asterias rubens), mussel (Mytilus edilus), insect, green brown seaweed, forage crop extracts exhibits different approaches increase protein in sustainable manner through improving quality existing ingredients, better under- or unutilized material, circular bioeconomy. This review assessed limitations opportunities producing, processing, using these feed. non-renewable resources effect on environment production processing are described. Protein concentration evaluated understand their substitution potential compared with soya bean fishmeal. Feedstuffs’ digestibility animal performance summarized. With exception all show partly substitute fishmeal fulfilling part requirement production. However, improvements during can be made enhance quality, sustainability nutrient utilization ingredients.